标题: 弗兰克-诺克斯奖学金 [打印本页] 作者: shiyi18 时间: 2022-9-8 00:29 标题: 弗兰克-诺克斯奖学金 Welcome
Frank Knox Fellowships were established in 1945 by Mrs Annie Reid Knox as the Frank Knox Memorial to enable students from the UK, along with those from Australia, Canada and New Zealand, to undertake graduate study at Harvard University. Knox had a rich and varied career – as a newspaper publisher, a soldier, a vice-presidential candidate, and as US Secretary of the Navy in the 1940s - and was a highly-regarded politician and businessman. He championed the concept of democracy as government of the people and believed strongly that cross-cultural exchange between Britain and the US was vital for international peace.
In accordance with the Deed of Gift, special regard will be given to personal qualities in the awarding of Frank Knox Fellowships:
“Candidates will be selected on the basis of future promise of leadership. Strength of character, keen mind, a balanced judgment, and devotion to the democratic ideal will be the qualities borne in mind in making the final selection.”
A Knox Fellowship pays full Harvard tuition and mandatory health insurance fees and provides a stipend sufficient to cover the living expenses of a single Fellow for a 10-month academic year. Knox Fellowship funding is guaranteed for up to two years for students in degree programmes requiring more than one year of study. The Committee on General Scholarships, which administers the Fellowship, will consider applications for further funding beyond the second year on a case-by-case basis.
A Knox Fellowship award does not guarantee admission to Harvard. Applicants should therefore submit an admissions application directly with the Harvard Graduate School of their choice. The award of a Knox Fellowship, at interview in January, is contingent upon the applicant gaining admission to the University.
作者: shiyi18 时间: 2022-9-8 00:56 标题: 2021-2022年诺克斯奖学金获得者 HOME /
2021-2022 Knox Fellows
Gabrielle Armstrong-Scott
Gabrielle Armstrong-Scott
M.P.E. (Economics), Victoria University of Wellington
B.A. (School of Public and International Affairs), Princeton University
New Zealand | Harvard Kennedy School, Master in Public Administration
Gabrielle is a Graham T. Allison, Jr. Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School. Gabrielle is an international security specialist; her research currently focuses on Indo-Pacific geopolitics/geoeconomics and issues at the intersection of technology and national security. She previously served in the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (New Zealand) and at the New Zealand Mission to the United Nations in New York.
... Read moreabout Gabrielle Armstrong-Scott
Supratik Baralay
Supratik Baralay
M.Phil. in Greek and Roman History, Wadham College, University of Oxford
B.A. (Honours) in Literae Humaniores (Classics), Wadham College, University of Oxford
United Kingdom | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Ph.D. in Ancient History
Supratik is fascinated by the intersections of Greco-Roman, Near Eastern and Indian history. In recent years, he has been thinking about the understudied Arsakid Empire, which dominated the Near East from around 247 B.C. to A.D. 224. Through his doctoral work he aims to demonstrate that the Arsakid state should be understood as both Hellenistic and Near Eastern and therefore hopes to challenge the traditional division between ‘Classics’ and ‘Oriental Studies'.
Robin Bates
Robin Bates
MLitt in United States History, Newcastle University
B.A. (Honours) in History, Newcastle University
United Kingdom | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Visiting Fellow in History
Rob Bates is a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and a PhD Candidate at Queens’ College, University of Cambridge. While at Harvard he will be working on his doctoral thesis, which considers the connection between state-building and corruption in the late-nineteenth-century United States. He is especially interested in the politics of America’s ‘Gilded Age,’ and hopes to explore the political parallels between that period and the present in his future research. Rob is originally from Newcastle upon Tyne, and previously studied at Newcastle University.
Thomas Brown
Thomas Brown
Bachelor of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Adelaide
B.A. in Economics, Politics and International Relations, University of Adelaide
Australia | Harvard Kennedy School, Master of Administration, International Development
Thomas is passionate about addressing the serious health and educational inequalities that exist for young children globally. He spent four years in Indonesia working on a range of health and education programs as a research analyst with the World Bank and the manager of a grassroots NGO. At Harvard Kennedy School he intends to deepen his knowledge of economics and policy-making in developing countries to find innovative solutions to complex human capital challenges.
Isaac Chan
Isaac Chan
M.D., University of New South Wales, Sydney
B.Med, University of New South Wales, Sydney
B.Sc (Med) (Hons I), University of New South Wales, Sydney
Australia | T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MPH
Isaac is a doctor with interests in communicable diseases and global health. At Harvard, he will explore the structural drivers of health inequity, and policy approaches to infectious diseases of public health significance.
William Chua
William Chua
B.A. (First Class Honours) in Politics & International Studies, The University of Melbourne
Australia | Harvard Kennedy School, Master in Public Policy
William hopes to bring a multidisciplinary and evidence-based approach to policy development. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Melbourne, where he also held the Chancellor’s Scholarship. At Harvard, William intends to deepen his understanding of international relations and multilateral institutions.
Mitchell East
Mitchell East
LLB (Hons) (1st class), University of Otago
New Zealand | Harvard Law School, LLM
At Harvard, Mitchell will focus on counter-terrorism law, the intersection between criminal law and human rights, and white-collar crime. Following the completion of his undergraduate studies, Mitchell worked as a Judge's Clerk at the Supreme Court of New Zealand. After which, he was a senior advisor to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Terrorist Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019 and, as well, provided part-time assistance in rewriting New Zealand's Criminal Jury Trial Bench Book. He has also worked as a solicitor and junior prosecutor in New Zealand.
Grant Fahlgren
Grant Fahlgren
Master of Landscape Architecture, University of British Columbia
Bachelor of Environmental Design – Landscape and Urbanism, University of Manitoba
Canada | Graduate School of Design, Master of Landscape Architecture in Urban Design
Grant is a member of Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation and Chair of the Reconciliation Advisory Committee of the Canadian Society of Landscape Architects. His research at the Graduate School of Design will focus on climate change adaptation informed by traditional knowledge at the urban and regional scale building upon his past research and professional practice. The intent of this work is to develop models to expand site focused collaborations between Indigenous communities, municipalities, and institutions to the urban and territorial scale where they can engage the relational understandings of place embedded in traditional knowledge and more effectively mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Ruth Foster
Ruth Foster
MA (Hons), Religious Studies, University of Edinburgh
United Kingdom | Harvard Divinity School, Master of Theological Studies
Ruth is interested in the relationship between religious identity, politics, conflict and peace-building in divided societies. Partially inspired by her own upbringing in Northern Ireland, Ruth has spent time over the past six years in Jerusalem, and recently was a Kathryn Davis Fellow for Peace in Modern Hebrew at Middlebury College. In anticipation of further study, at Harvard Divinity School she will focus on religion, ethics and politics and continue learning Modern Hebrew. She hopes to take advantage of the interdisciplinary nature of her degree program and the resources at Harvard to gain a deeper understanding of what peace and peace-building looks like in the 21st century.
Aaron Gluck-Thayer
Aaron Gluck-Thaler
M.Sc in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, University of Oxford
M.Sc in Social Science of the Internet, University of Oxford
B.Eng in Mechanical Engineering, McGill University
Canada | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Ph.D. in History of Science
Aaron Gluck-Thaler is a PhD Candidate in the Department of the History of Science and an affiliate of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. He studies the historical, cultural, and political dimensions of national security practices, with a focus on techniques used for surveillance and cybersecurity. Aaron’s doctoral research examines how pattern recognition technologies illuminate enduring questions of how power, scientific knowledge, and the self are cultivated. Aaron holds a BEng in Mechanical Engineering from McGill University, a MSc in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute, and a MSc in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology from the University of Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar.
Maryan Hassan
Maryan Hassan
LLB, Kingston University
LLM in International Law, SOAS University of London
United Kingdom | Harvard Law School, LLM Candidate
After many years of working in diplomacy and policy, Maryan will focus on enhancing her academic scholarship and advocacy work during her time at Harvard. She is particularly interested in public international law, dispute resolution, and trade and investment integration during protracted conflict. She is a Senior Editor at the Harvard Law School National Security Law Journal (NSLJ) and Co-President of the Harvard International Arbitration Law Students Association (HIALSA). Maryan intends to practice as a Barrister (England and Wales) after graduation.
Jennifer Hon
Jennifer Hon
MA, Physiology & Psychology, University of Cambridge
MBChB (Hons), Medicine, University of Edinburgh
BDS (Hons), Dentistry, King’s College London
United Kingdom | T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Master of Public Health
Jen is an oral and maxillofacial surgical trainee who is interested in surgical system strengthening for underserved populations across the world. She is studying Global Health & Population to deepen an understanding of the context of the problem and potential solutions for it, and applying this knowledge to a concurrent research fellowship with the Program for Global Surgery & Social Change. In the long term, Jen intends to continue pushing the Global Surgery agenda in combination with clinical practice.
Kian Hosseinnia
Kian Hosseinnia
Honours Bachelor of Arts (Specialist in Architectural Studies, Major in Philosophy), University of Toronto
Canada | Graduate School of Design, Master of Architecture I
Kian is interested in philosophical examinations and interrogations of the objects and images of architecture and the architect's figure as a subject within global capitalism's broader cultural and political context. He is looking forward to growing as a critical designer, observer, and thinker by engaging with the distinguished faculty of GSD.
Mustafaen Kamal
Mustafaen Kamal
Degree in Philosophy and Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science
Degree in Theology and Religion, University of Oxford
Laidlaw Scholarship, Cambridge University
United Kingdom | Harvard Law School, LLM
Mustafaen is pursuing an LLM at Harvard Law School, which builds on his degrees at the LSE (Philosophy and Economics), Oxford (Theology and Religion) and the Laidlaw Scholarship which he completed at Cambridge University. At Harvard, Mustafaen hopes to focus on legal strategies that can be employed to combat climate change as well as constitutional issues that have arisen as a result of technological progress, climate change and migration. Outside the classroom, Mustafaen has founded two social enterprises in Pakistan (Dil Internship Project) and the UK (Close the Lockdown Gap) respectively which aim to tackle inequalities in employment and education respectively.
Olivia Klinkum
Olivia Klinkum
LLB (First Class Honours), University of Otago
B.A. in Politics and French, University of Otago
New Zealand | Harvard Law School, Master of Laws
Olivia's studies in the Master of Laws program will focus on human rights law, criminal justice, and international criminal law. She is particularly interested in innovative interdisciplinary approaches to improving criminal justice outcomes. Olivia started her career as a Judge's Clerk at New Zealand's Court of Appeal, and practiced in regulatory litigation and criminal prosecution.
Aden David Knaap
Aden David Knaap
B.A. (First Class Honours) in History, University of Sydney
LL.B., Sydney Law School
Australia | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of History, Ph.D. in History
Aden specializes in global and international history, with a focus on nineteenth- and twentieth-century intellectual, political and legal history. He is fascinated by cosmopolites and internationalists, theorists and pragmatists, and the varied ways in which they conceived of the world in bygone eras. His time at Harvard will expose him to new historical fields and methodologies, while training him for a career in academia.
Victor Li
Victor Li
Master of Business Administration from University of Cambridge, UK (2019-2020)
Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Princeton University, USA (2009-2013, cum laude)
Certificate in College Advising, Columbia University, USA (2021) and Postgraduate Certificate in Education from University of Waikato, New Zealand (2018)
New Zealand | Graduate School of Education, Master of Education in Learning Design, Innovation and Technology
Victor is an EdTech entrepreneur who is interested in creating systems and platforms that reduce information asymmetry and increase access to education. He has started and exited multiple education startups in the past decade. Currently, he is helping to grow the first STEM focused private high school in New Zealand - Wentworth Computer Science College. His main interests in research at Harvard include adaptive learning and mathematics education.
Felicia Liang
Felicia Liang
Bachelor of Commerce, Business Economics and Law, University of Alberta
Canada | Graduate School of Design + School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Master in Design Engineering
Felicia is passionate about combining the disciplines of human-centered design, human-computer interaction, and behavioural insights to design solutions that address urbanization challenges. During her time as a management consultant, she worked on several business innovation strategy and UX/UI projects across various industries including public sector, healthcare, retail, automotive, and insurance. Through the Master of Design Engineering program, she hopes to complement her breadth of experience with technical product design skills, as well as learn how to use a systems-thinking approach to address challenges around urban sustainability, mobility, and digital government services.
... Read moreabout Felicia Liang
Matthew Lilley
Matthew Lilley
B. Econ. (Honours), The University of Sydney
Australia | Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Ph.D. in Business Economics
Matthew Lilley received a B. Economics (Honours) from the University of Sydney in 2012. He worked in the Research Department at the Reserve Bank of Australia, and then as a research assistant for Economics faculty at the University of Sydney and University of New South Wales. His main interests are in empirical microeconomics, including behavioral and development economics, and political economy.
Geoffrey Liu
Geoffrey Liu
B.Sc (First Class Honours) in Statistics, Australian National University
B.A in Economics, Australian National University
Australia | Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Master of Science in Data Science
Geoffrey is passionate about improving the robustness and safety of artificial intelligence systems in business and government processes. He is particularly interested in the failure modes of modern machine learning algorithms and their downstream implications. At Harvard, he will explore the robustness of modern machine learning algorithms and how these algorithms capture uncertainty and bias in the data.
... Read moreabout Geoffrey Liu
Anita Mahinpei
Anita Mahinpei
B.Sc. in Combined Honours in Computer Science and Physics, University of British Columbia
Canada | Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Master of Science in Data Science
Anita was introduced to deep learning during her undergraduate studies while working on computational physics problems at UBC's high energy physics research group. She is now looking forward to transitioning into the field of applied machine learning while working towards her Master of Data Science degree. At Harvard, Anita's been conducting interpretable ML and NLP/Computer Vision research in the Data to Actionable Knowledge Lab and the Institute for Applied Computational Science.
Chloe Manuel
Chloe Manuel
BA (First Class) English Language and Literature, New College, Oxford
United Kingdom | Graduate School of Education, Ed.M. Education Policy and Analysis
Chloe’s interests lie in challenging social and class-based inequalities in education through need-led policy and youth empowerment, inspired by her experiences of state-school education in the UK. She graduated with a First Class BA in English Language and Literature from New College, Oxford, along with the Colgate Literary Prize and the Gibbs Prize for academic performance. During her undergraduate degree, she was struck by the huge disparities between her peers’ experiences of education and her own, and subsequently worked closely with her college to increase access to university for low-income students. She was also involved with a number of education charities and non-profit organizations, working in areas with high socio-economic disadvantage, and running university outreach initiatives across the UK. After graduating in 2020, Chloe moved to Madrid, Spain, where she taught in a public school improving the English language skills of native Spanish speakers. Concurrently, Chloe worked as an associate at the education start-up Knowledge Collective, developing an annual international leadership summit for young people, focused on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. At Harvard, she hopes to further her work on closing the attainment gap for disadvantaged students, while expanding her experience into international education policy with a focus on the Philippines, home to much of her family.
Seun Matiluko
Seun Matiluko
LL.B. (First Class Honours), University of Bristol
M.S. (Distinction) in Empires, Colonialism and Globalisation, London School of Economics
B.C.L. (Distinction), University of Oxford
United Kingdom | Harvard Law School, LLM
Seun is an author, journalist, poet and researcher in law, race, politics and human rights. Her work has been featured in gal-dem and The Independent and she has appeared on several media platforms, such as Times Radio, to discuss her work. Much of Seun's work seeks to uplift Black British perspectives. While at Harvard, Seun will focus on how the law can be used to combat racial inequality. She will also be taking courses which enable her to compare and contrast Black life in America with Black life in Britain.
Tai Mitsuji
Tai Mitsuji
M.St. in History of Art and Visual Culture (Distinction), University of Oxford
B.A. in Art History (1st Class Honors), University of Sydney
Australia | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Ph.D. in History of Art
Tai Mitsuji is a writer and art historian who is interested in disrupting the thematic and temporal modularity of art history. Rather than being pinned to a single era, his work seeks to track ideas across both time and culture – drawing a line, for instance, between the salons of 19th century France and the windows of department stores today. Alongside his academic pursuits, he works as an art critic publishing in a variety of prominent international and domestic publications, and was formerly the Deputy Chairperson of Runway Journal. Through this work, Mitsuji has continually sought to represent diverse perspectives and detail the various cultural contours of Australian and global communities.
Hannah Morris
Hannah Morris
B. International and Global Studies, University of Sydney
JD, University of Sydney
M.Teach, Deakin University
Australia | Graduate School of Education, Master in Education (Education Leadership, Organizations and Entrepreneurship)
Hannah is passionate about finding innovative new ways to address the biggest challenges facing education in the 21st century, and empowering teams and organizations to reach their full potential. Whilst at Harvard she will be focusing on learning how different forces in the education ecosystem can work together to close student academic achievement gaps, how social and emotional learning can equip students with the skills to create a more just, fair, and inclusive society, and how entrepreneurial leadership can motivate diverse teams of stakeholders to achieve common goals.
... Read moreabout Hannah Morris
Liam O'Brien
Liam O'Brien
LLB (Hons) & BA (Bachelor of Laws & Bachelor of Arts in Political Science), Monash University
Australia | Harvard Kennedy School, MPP
Liam is interested in structural economic reform to unlock Australia’s productive potential, mitigate the climate crisis and address socio-economic and intergenerational inequities. At Monash University he wrote his Honours Thesis on Constitutional Law. During his time at the Kennedy School he will focus on political economy while sharpening his economic, quantitative and policy design and delivery skills. He is also interested in trade, security and geopolitics in the Asia-Pacific.
Miski Osman
Miski Osman
Queen Mary University of London, Medicine, MBBS
Queen Mary University of London, Molecular Therapeutics, BMedSci (First Class Honours)
United Kingdom | T.H Chan. School of Public Health, Master of Public Health
Miski is a junior doctor from London, with interests in health equity, social determinants of health, and migrant health. During her time at Harvard, she hopes to focus on health disparities and social and structural determinants of health among ethnic minority communities.
... Read moreabout Miski Osman
Tiran Rahimian
Tiran Rahimian
Juris Doctor (JD) & Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) - McGill University (2019)
Canada | Harvard Law School, LLM
Tiran’s research and writing explores the law and political economy of emerging technologies, with a focus on privacy, online speech moderation and data protection from a comparative perspective.
Kimia Sorouri
Kimia Sorouri
M.D., University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine
B.H.Sc. (Honours) with a specialization in Global Health, McMaster University
Canada | T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MPH
Kimia Sorouri is a resident physician in Obstetrics & Gynecology in Canada with an interest in increasing equitable access to healthcare and cancer survivorship. While at Harvard, Kimia aims to pursue research to improve counselling and access to fertility preservation among adolescent and young adult women undergoing cancer treatment. Kimia hopes to leverage her research to advocate for greater coverage of oncofertility services through private and public insurance programs and to combat discriminatory barriers to accessing reproductive healthcare.
... Read moreabout Kimia Sorouri
Daniel Turner
Daniel Turner
BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Balliol College, University of Oxford
United Kingdom | Harvard Kennedy School, Master in Public Policy
Dan's research focuses on industrial strategy, regional policy, and urban governance. Dan is a first-generation student from Mansfield, the heart of England’s coalmining region. Before coming to Harvard, Dan worked as a senior policy advisor to the UK government on regeneration policy. Alongside his degree, Dan is working on an economic study of the rise of English regional inequalities and archival research into the failure of policy response since the 1970s. After graduation, he hopes to return to the UK to work in support of communities facing economic dislocation at a more local level – through advocacy or local government.
... Read moreabout Daniel Turner
Dr. Rafiaa Valji
Dr. Rafiaa Valji
University of Alberta - Doctor of Medicine
University of Alberta - Fellowship in Pediatric Respirology
University of Calgary - Residency in Pediatrics (FRCPC, FAAP)
Canada | T.H. Chan School of Public Health - Master of Public Health, Clinical Effectiveness Stream
Dr. Rafiaa Valji is a pediatric pulmonologist whose clinical practice has focused on children with respiratory diseases so rare that there is a paucity of literature to guide care. Her passion to bridge this gap led her to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public health to pursue a Master of Public Health with a focus on clinical effectiveness. Her current research focuses on the use of non-invasive ventilation in children with Down syndrome. Other diseases of interest include bronchiectasis and childhood interstitial lung diseases.
... Read moreabout Rafiaa Valji
Suleyman Wellings-Longmore
Suleyman Wellings-Longmore
Leeds University, BA – Philosophy BPP, GDL and LPC
United Kingdom | Harvard Law School, LLM
Building on a commitment to pro bono and social justice work, Suleyman is seeking to pivot into human rights law having trained and then practiced at two Magic Circle law firms over a four year period. At Harvard, he is taking classes on issues relating to civil and human rights, migration, and strategy. He intends to retrain as a civil liberties barrister in London upon graduation.
Matthew West
Matthew West
MPhys Physics with Theoretical Physics (1st Class), University of Manchester
United Kingdom | T. H. Chan School of Public Health, M.Sc. in Computational Biology and Quantitative Genetics
Matthew is interested in the potential for artificial intelligence and machine learning to advance our understanding of problems in biomedicine and public health. With a background in physics, he is particularly interested in computational, statistical, and data-driven approaches to the personalised treatment and diagnosis of disease, and he hopes to develop a significant background in both human genomics and quantitative cancer biology while at Harvard. He has worked in Tokyo as a data scientist in the biotechnology sector, and maintains an interest in the healthcare startup sphere.
Sarah Williams-Habibi
Sarah Williams-Habibi
McMaster University, B.Arts Sci. (Honours), Arts & Science and Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior
Canada | Graduate School of Education, Master of Education in Human Development and Education
While at Harvard, Sarah seeks to further explore Disability and Neurodivergence from multiple disciplinary perspectives, ranging from Cognitive Neuroscience and Developmental Psychology to Critical Disability Studies and Disability Justice. Sarah is pursuing a career in research. She hopes to improve educational settings for students with disabilities, especially those in who experience the intersections between disability and race, gender and/or sexuality. She is particularly interested in actively partnering with communities, while taking an anti-oppressive and interdisciplinary approach to research.
Brandon Woo
Brandon Woo
B.Sc. (Honours) in Psychology, University of British Columbia
Canada | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Ph.D. in Psychology
Through Brandon’s research, he aims to learn more about social issues in current events. Specifically, Brandon studies how people cooperate, come to care for others, and form moral evaluations. Brandon’s ultimate goal is to become a professor. In graduate school, he hopes to grow as a scientist so that he’ll be better able to contribute to the study of sociomoral cognition.
... Read moreabout Brandon Woo
Ketaki Zodgekar
Ketaki Zodgekar
University of Edinburgh, MA (Hons) Philosophy and Politics
United Kingdom | Harvard Kennedy School, Master in Public Policy
At Harvard, Ketaki will study how to craft inclusive public policy that protects the human rights of marginalized groups internationally, with a focus on LGBTQ+ and migrant communities. She is interested in social movements, tackling global inequality, and strengthening public understanding of and participation in government. Ketaki previously worked at a think tank in London and has prior experience in political campaigns and communications.
Kimia Sorouri是加拿大妇产科的一名住院医生，对增加公平获得医疗保健和癌症幸存者的机会感兴趣。在哈佛大学期间，Kimia的目标是进行研究，以改善接受癌症治疗的青少年和年轻女性的咨询和保留生育能力的机会。Kimia希望利用她的研究，倡导通过私人和公共保险计划扩大不孕不育服务的覆盖面，并打击获得生殖保健方面的歧视性障碍。
在哈佛，Ketaki将研究如何制定包容性的公共政策，以保护国际边缘群体的人权，重点是LGBTQ+和移民社区。她对社会运动、解决全球不平等问题，以及加强公众对政府的理解和参与感兴趣。Ketaki曾在伦敦的一个智囊团工作，并有政治运动和沟通方面的经验。作者: shiyi18 时间: 2022-9-8 01:18 标题: 关于弗兰克-诺克斯 About Frank Knox
Annie Reid Knox understood her late husband’s belief that America’s roots “lie embedded in British soil,” and sought to honor him and his commitment to America, the country he so deeply loved. She accomplished this by making a donation to Harvard University that would provide for an educational exchange between scholars from America and the countries that constituted the British Commonwealth. The gift resulted in the prestigious Frank Knox Memorial Fellowships, which have provided the opportunity for over 400 scholars from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom to study at Harvard since the first fellowship was awarded in 1948. In addition, more than 300 Knox Fellowship recipients from Harvard have studied or conducted research in those countries. According to the wishes of Mrs. Knox, Frank Knox Fellows are selected on the basis of “future promise of leadership, strength, keen mind, a balanced judgment and a devotion to the democratic ideal.”
A Self-made Man
A true product of American idealism, Frank Knox rose from humble beginnings to become a man of the world: from small-town cub reporter to big-time newspaper publisher; from gubernatorial campaign manager to Vice Presidential candidate; from soldier to Secretary of the Navy. Even as a youth, he exemplified the practicality and enterprising spirit of the “self-made man.”
Born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1874, he moved with his family at age 7 to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where his father ran a grocery store. By age 11, he was peddling newspapers to help with the family expenses. Before finishing high school he left Michigan and supported himself as a salesman. When the panic of 1893 cost him his job and prompted him to return to Michigan, he enrolled at Alma College and paid his way by working various odd jobs — all while earning high marks and distinguishing himself as an adept football player.
With the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Knox, a college senior, enlisted in the Army and joined Theodore Roosevelt’s famous Rough Riders. From then on he was a faithful disciple of the burly military man and future president. Fourteen years later, Knox would prove instrumental in drawing Roosevelt into the historic “Bull Moose” campaign.
Journalist at Heart
After returning to Michigan and marrying his college sweetheart, Annie Reid, Knox landed a job as a reporter at the Herald and rapidly climbed the ranks to city editor, then circulation manager. Knox remained a staunch newspaperman for the next four decades. His early tenure as publisher of the Sault Sainte Marie Weekly News and, later, The Manchester Union Leader, not only afforded him solid publishing experience but also fueled his commitment to progressive Republican politics and reform.
By 1927, Knox had become General Manager of all 27 of William Randolph Hearst’s dailies. Four years later, he had accumulated enough savings to retire comfortably. Yet according to Fortune magazine, Knox was a poor candidate for retirement. He had swallowed whole Teddy Roosevelt’s “doctrine of the strenuous life.”
Knox’s most impressive achievement in the newspaper world was yet to come — as publisher of the Chicago Daily News, which he actively managed from 1931 until his appointment as Secretary of the Navy in 1940. Throughout his tenure at the News he remained faithful to his early ideals of political rectitude, exposing Chicago rackets and corrupt politicians and airing his misgivings about the New Deal in his own editorials. Those editorials expressed such vehement opposition to Franklin D. Roosevelt’s domestic policies that they cost the News thousands of readers — a predictable outcome in overwhelmingly Democratic Chicago. Still, Knox continued to voice his opinions, going so far as to call FDR’s managed economy “alien and un-American” and “a complete flop.”
A Politician is Born
In the fall of 1934, Knox found himself raising money for the Republican Party and was such a success that he was invited to speak at meetings throughout the Midwest. Before long, so many people were saying Knox would make a good Republican presidential candidate that it seemed a likely possibility. When the delegates assembled at the 1936 Republican National Convention, however, it was clear that Governor Alfred Landon of Kansas was the overwhelming favorite for the presidential nomination. Rather than foster a split in the party, Knox ordered his name withdrawn from the race. The next day he became the governor’s unanimously approved running mate.
The Navy Years
Although FDR swept the 1936 election, at the end of that term he defied partisan biases and appointed Knox Secretary of the Navy. The appointment was a testament to Knox’s impressive capabilities and reputation, especially given his previously outspoken opposition to the New Deal. Yet for all his antagonism toward Roosevelt’s domestic reforms, Knox was an enthusiastic supporter of the president’s foreign policy. Since 1936, he had been watching with increasing alarm the political developments around the world. After Hitler annexed Austria in 1938, Knox pressed for approval of the president’s billion-dollar naval expansion plan. When war finally erupted in Europe in 1939, Knox wrote front-page editorials calling for widespread support of Roosevelt’s foreign policy decisions, the repeal of the neutrality laws, and a bipartisan cabinet.
Knox with Naval OfficersImpressed by Knox’s opinions and aware of the leveraging potential of a bipartisan cabinet, Roosevelt offered Knox the position of secretary twice before he finally accepted. In response to those who questioned her husband’s motives, Mrs. Knox explained that for him, “patriotism was a living fire of unquestioned belief and purpose.” He had cut short his college career to fight in the Spanish-American War, and at age 43 he had left a thriving newspaper business to enlist in the Army during WWI. Frank Knox had made considerable sacrifices to serve his country, and he would continue to do so, even at the expense of his friends, business and political reputation. Knox himself was frequently in the newspapers, not least because of his bold and often controversial public statements. Early on he toed a fine line between asserting his pro-British, anti-Axis stance and alienating die-hard American isolationists. By 1941, he told a governor’s conference that “the time to use our Navy to clear the Atlantic of the German menace is at hand,” infuriating isolationists with his aggressive pronouncements. Some members of Congress went so far as to demand that he either resign or be impeached. Still, he gained support from many others, including Roosevelt. In fact, Knox’s assertiveness may have helped the president gauge public response to interventionist views.
Knox presided over the department at a pivotal moment in its history. Before the war, he had written magazine articles advocating a naval system based on the construction and maintenance of a two-ocean Navy. With the passing of the “Two-Ocean Navy” bill just one week after he took office, Knox’s vision became policy. By the time of his death in 1944, the U.S. Navy had become the most powerful in the world. Its development was so rapid that within four years, Navy personnel had increased from 190,000 members to well over 3 million. To the 385 combat ships it owned in 1940, the Navy added nine battleships, 19 first-line aircraft carriers, more than 500 destroyers and escort ships, over 100 submarines, and thousands of amphibious ships and other naval craft.
With war raging in Europe and the British in desperate need of naval aid, Knox became deeply immersed in foreign affairs. Three weeks after Knox took office, the British ambassador approached him directly for help. The negotiations that ensued paved the way for the Lend-Lease Act of 1941. Not only was Knox instrumental in conceiving the destroyers-for-bases exchange, but he also played crucial roles in both persuading Congress to pass the bill and implementing its provisions.
One of Knox’s more heavily publicized contributions as secretary was his investigation into the Pearl Harbor bombing. Three days after the attack he flew to the base to interview local authorities and assess the damage. Knox’s trip made big news. In his report he concluded that the attack succeeded “due to a lack of a state of readiness” by both the Army and Navy, an assessment which Secretary of War Henry Stimson publicly acknowledged.
An International Outlook
In addition to his trips to Pearl Harbor, Knox traveled the world to inspect naval units and observe battlefront activities. In the last two and a half years of his life, he spent 802 hours in the air and flew 141,000 miles. Besides examining naval installations in Europe, North Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and the continental U.S., he traveled to Brazil in the role of “goodwill ambassador” after Brazil declared war on Germany and Italy in 1942. Knox also believed strongly that apart from facilitating international cooperation, he and the other civilian secretaries should “get out in the field and see actual conditions.” He argued that such trips elicited “far more intelligent” decision-making among civilian leaders and served as “a definite aid” to the morale of the troops.
Secnav Frank Knox and Sponsor Mrs. Annie Reid Knox, at the launching ceremony, Newport News Shopbuilding & Drydock Co., 1943Knox’s trips across the globe enhanced his vision of democracy within an international context. He was especially adamant about the continuing cooperation between the United States and Great Britain, and in 1943 he toured the United Kingdom and the North African-Mediterranean theater of operations — a trip designed as much to foster good relations as to inspect naval units. In a press conference following his return to the States, Knox praised the mutual support between America and Great Britain in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. That same year he announced to the English Speaking Union in Chicago that “all means to preserve the peace will fail [unless they are] founded on Anglo-American cooperation.”
Knox’s belief in the importance of U.S. and British relations suggests the motivating principles behind the Knox Fellowship. In a speech he delivered to the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate, he elaborated on the strong ties between the United States and the U.K.: “Our social, our economic, and our political systems were brought to the new world many years ago as transplantations from the British system. Close personal contacts and a constant exchange of ideas between the American and the British peoples has nourished the sturdy growth of American national life, whose roots lie embedded in British soil.” When Knox died of a heart attack in the spring of 1944, flags were brought to half-mast not only in America but on all British and Canadian vessels as well. His extensive travels as Secretary of the Navy had taken a heavy toll on his normally robust health. “Truly he put his country first,” the president announced to a grieving nation. “We shall greatly miss his ability and friendship.”
Knox had come a long way from his cub-reporting life in Grand Rapids. Yet through it all — whether as soldier, journalist, publisher or government executive — he remained honest, forthright, and committed to high ideals. By the time Knox died, he had attained not only shrewd business sense and political savvy but something far more significant: a global vision.
