詹姆斯-J-柯林斯 生物医学工程师

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James J. Collins
Biomedical Engineer | Class of 2003
Identifying abstract principles underlying complex biological phenomena such as motor control during standing and walking.

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Title
Biomedical Engineer
Affiliation
Boston University
Location
Boston, Massachusetts
Age
38 at time of award
Area of Focus
Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Published October 5, 2003
ABOUT JAMES' WORK
James Collins is a scientist who crosses the boundaries of engineering, mathematics, and biology to explore the complex mechanisms regulating biological systems. He employs theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding movement and associated disorders. His mathematical approach to motor-pattern generation helps to explain locomotion in two-, four-, and many-legged animals. In clinical settings, Collins has demonstrated that the dynamics of foot pressure distribution during quiet standing can provide a useful gauge of stiffness in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Much of his research concentrates on understanding how biological signals can be either degraded or, counterintuitively, enhanced by noise. His laboratory has shown that introducing tiny, random vibrations in footpads markedly improves the ability of older people with peripheral nerve deficits to remain steady on their feet. Collins has recently applied his understanding of the biophysics of noise to the control of gene networks in living cells. His group has devised both experimental (i.e., a genetic toggle switch) and statistical methods for probing the genetic interactions that regulate intracellular physiologic balance. Throughout his research, Collins demonstrates a proclivity for identifying abstract principles that underlie complex biological phenomena and for using these concepts to solve concrete, practical problems.

BIOGRAPHY
James Collins received an A.B. (1987) from the College of the Holy Cross and a D. Phil. (1990) from the University of Oxford. Since 1990, he has been at Boston University where he is Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Co-Director of the Center for Biodynamics, and Director of the Applied Biodynamics Laboratory. His publications have appeared in journals such as Nature, Science, Physical Review Letters, Chaos, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA).



詹姆斯-J-柯林斯
生物医学工程师|2003级
识别复杂生物现象的抽象原则，如站立和行走时的运动控制。

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标题
生物医学工程师
工作单位
波士顿大学
工作地点
波士顿，马萨诸塞州
年龄
获奖时38岁
重点领域
生物工程和生物技术
发表于2003年10月5日
关于詹姆斯的工作
詹姆斯-柯林斯是一位跨越工程、数学和生物学界限的科学家，他探索调节生物系统的复杂机制。他采用理论和实验方法来理解运动和相关疾病。他对运动模式生成的数学方法有助于解释双脚、四脚和多脚动物的运动。在临床上，柯林斯已经证明，安静站立时脚部压力分布的动态变化可以为帕金森病患者提供一个有用的僵硬度衡量。他的大部分研究集中在了解生物信号如何被噪声削弱或反过来被增强。他的实验室已经证明，在脚垫中引入微小的随机振动，可以明显改善患有周围神经障碍的老年人保持脚部稳定的能力。柯林斯最近将他对噪声的生物物理学的理解应用于活细胞中基因网络的控制。他的小组设计了实验（即基因切换开关）和统计方法，用于探测调节细胞内生理平衡的基因相互作用。在整个研究过程中，柯林斯表现出一种倾向性，即识别复杂的生物现象所依据的抽象原则，并利用这些概念来解决具体的实际问题。

个人简历
詹姆斯-柯林斯获得圣十字学院的学士学位（1987年）和牛津大学的哲学博士学位（1990年）。(1990)。自1990年以来，他一直在波士顿大学担任生物医学工程教授，生物动力学中心的联合主任，以及应用生物动力学实验室主任。他的著作发表在《自然》、《科学》、《物理评论快报》、《混沌》和《美国国家科学院院刊》等期刊上。