Polina V. Lishko 细胞和发育生物学家

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Polina V. Lishko
Cellular and Developmental Biologist | Class of 2020
Examining the cellular processes that guide mammalian fertilization and opening new avenues for contraception and treatment of infertility.


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Title
Cellular and Developmental Biologist
Affiliation
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California / Berkeley
Location
Berkeley, California
Age
46 at time of award
Area of Focus
Cell, Developmental, and Systems Biology
Website
Lishko Lab
University of California, Berkeley: Polina Lishko
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Published October 6, 2020
ABOUT POLINA'S WORK
Polina V. Lishko is a cellular and developmental biologist investigating the molecular mechanisms that guide mammalian fertilization. Using a range of genomic, biochemical, and physiological analyses, Lishko is elucidating the cellular processes that regulate sperm cell motility through the female reproductive tract and the development of the acrosome (the cellular organelle that enables the sperm to penetrate the protective coating of the egg, leading to cellular fusion).

Although it has been known that these functions depend upon modulation of electrical potential across the sperm cell membrane, research into the cellular ion channels (proteins that allow electrically charged molecules to move into or out of the cell) mediating those electrical potentials has been confounded by the small cell size and vigorous motility of living sperm cells. Lishko developed sperm patch-clamp cellular electrophysiological methods that can be used on sperm cells of any mammalian species, thereby enabling rigorous study of how the cellular ion channels respond to chemical and mechanical signals along the female reproductive tract. Lishko and her collaborators discovered that nanomolar concentrations of progesterone interact with a receptor protein, known as ABHD2, to activate CatSper calcium ion channels, which then admit calcium ions into sperm to prime them for a fertilization event. In related work, Lishko found that two steroid-like, plant-derived terpenoids—pristimerin and lupeol—inhibit CatSper ion channels, thereby averting sperm hyperactivation. Thus, both inhibitors could prevent fertilization and potentially act as prototypes for contraceptive agents.

More recently, she has shown that ABHD2, the sperm progesterone receptor protein, is highly expressed in mammalian ovaries and plays a novel regulatory role in the female sexual cycle and reproduction. Lishko is improving understanding of mammalian fertilization and opening up new avenues in treatment for human infertility and in the development of male-specific or unisex contraceptives.

BIOGRAPHY
Polina V. Lishko holds a Specialist degree (1996) from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and a PhD (2000) from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Lishko conducted her postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University, and, from 2006 to 2011, she served as an instructor at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2012, Lishko joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, where she is currently an associate professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. She is also an adjunct associate professor at the Center for Reproductive Longevity and Equality at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging. Her articles have been published in such scientific journals as Cell, Science, Nature, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Journal of Physiology, among others.



Polina V. Lishko
细胞和发育生物学家 | 2020级
研究指导哺乳动物受精的细胞过程，为避孕和治疗不孕症开辟新途径。


波利娜-V-利什科的画像

标题
细胞和发育生物学家
工作单位
加州大学/伯克利分校分子与细胞生物学系
工作地点
伯克利，加利福尼亚
年龄
获奖时46岁
重点领域
细胞、发育和系统生物学
网站
利什科实验室
加州大学伯克利分校。波琳娜-利什科
社会
脸书
推特
发表于2020年10月6日
关于波琳娜的工作
Polina V. Lishko是一名细胞和发育生物学家，研究指导哺乳动物受精的分子机制。利用一系列的基因组学、生物化学和生理学分析，利什科正在阐明调节精子细胞通过女性生殖道的运动和顶体（使精子能够穿透卵子的保护膜，导致细胞融合的细胞器）发展的细胞过程。

尽管人们已经知道这些功能取决于精子细胞膜上的电势调节，但对介导这些电势的细胞离子通道（允许带电分子进入或离开细胞的蛋白质）的研究一直被活体精子细胞的小细胞尺寸和剧烈运动所困扰。利什科开发了精子贴片钳细胞电生理方法，可用于任何哺乳动物的精子细胞，从而能够严格研究细胞离子通道如何对女性生殖道的化学和机械信号做出反应。Lishko和她的合作者发现，纳摩尔浓度的孕酮与一种被称为ABHD2的受体蛋白相互作用，激活CatSper钙离子通道，然后将钙离子导入精子，为受精活动提供准备。在相关的工作中，Lishko发现两种类似类固醇的植物源性萜类化合物-pristimerin和lupeol-抑制CatSper离子通道，从而避免精子过度激活。因此，这两种抑制剂可以防止受精，并有可能作为避孕剂的原型。

最近，她表明，精子孕酮受体蛋白ABHD2在哺乳动物卵巢中高度表达，并在女性性周期和生殖中发挥着新的调节作用。利什科正在提高对哺乳动物受精的理解，并在治疗人类不孕不育症和开发男性专用或中性避孕药方面开辟新途径。

个人简历
Polina V. Lishko拥有基辅塔拉斯-谢甫琴科国立大学的专科学位（1996年）和乌克兰国家科学院的博士学位（2000年）。利什科在哈佛大学进行了博士后研究，从2006年到2011年，她在加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校担任讲师。2012年，利什科加入了加州大学伯克利分校的教师队伍，目前是分子和细胞生物学系的副教授。她也是巴克老龄化研究所生殖长寿和平等中心的兼职副教授。她的文章发表在诸如《细胞》、《科学》、《自然》、《美国国家科学院院刊》和《生理学杂志》等科学期刊上。