丹妮尔-西特伦 法律学者

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Danielle Citron
Legal Scholar | Class of 2019
Addressing the scourge of cyber harassment by raising awareness of the toll it takes on victims and proposing reforms to combat the most extreme forms of online abuse.


Portrait of Danielle Citron

Title
Legal Scholar
Affiliation
Boston University School of Law
Location
Boston, Massachusetts
Age
50 at time of award
Area of Focus
Privacy and Intellectual Property, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
Website
daniellecitron.com
Boston University: Danielle Citron
Social
Instagram
Twitter
Published September 25, 2019
ABOUT DANIELLE'S WORK
Danielle Citron is a legal scholar addressing the scourge of cyber harassment by raising awareness of the toll it takes on victims and proposing reforms to combat the most extreme forms of online abuse. While she has explored a range of privacy and digital rights issues over the course of her career, much of her work has centered on gender-based discrimination in online environments, where women are disproportionately targeted with threats of a violent and sexual nature.

In her book, Hate Crimes in Cyberspace (2014), and a series of law review articles that informed it, Citron documents the significant harms caused by various types of cyber stalking, cyber mob attacks, and “revenge porn”—the nonconsensual publication and dissemination of intimate photos or videos, typically by a significant other seeking to humiliate a former partner. Because offensive content often appears at the top of internet search results for a victim’s name and includes email, home, or work addresses, the consequences for victims can include jeopardized employment, education, and housing opportunities; an inability to maintain an online presence; and compromised personal safety. Citron not only analyzes the social and legal structures that make it so difficult to curb cyber harassment but also reframes the issue as a violation of civil rights. She likens dismissive attitudes about the gravity of its harms to similar views from the 1970s about sexual harassment in the workplace. Citron has proposed a variety of pathways for reform both through her scholarly publications and in the broader public realm. She has advised state attorneys general and legislators in efforts to criminalize nonconsensual pornography under existing statutes against stalking and harassment and has worked with technology companies to update safety and privacy policies. Mindful of concerns that an overly broad reaction to cyber harassment would infringe on constitutional protections of free speech, her proposals are characterized by clear distinctions that fit criminal penalties and invasion of privacy claims within the contours of the First Amendment.

More recently, she has expanded the scope of her work to explore the concept of sexual privacy as a distinct privacy interest that warrants recognition and protection and is foundational to human dignity. Citron’s respect for speech rights and persuasive articulation of the civil rights of harassment victims are spurring legal scholars, lawmakers, tech companies, and the public to view in a new light what many have simply accepted as the inevitable dark side of our digital age.

BIOGRAPHY
Danielle Citron received a BA (1990) from Duke University and a JD (1994) from Fordham University School of Law. In 2019, she joined the faculty of Boston University School of Law as a professor of law. She taught previously at the University of Maryland Carey School of Law (2004–2019), where she was the Morton and Sophia Macht Professor of Law. She is an affiliate scholar at the Stanford Center on Internet and Society, an affiliate fellow at the Yale Information Society Project, a faculty associate at the Berkman Klein Center at Harvard Law School and a senior fellow at the Future of Privacy Forum. She is also the vice president of the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative and serves on Twitter’s Trust and Safety Council and Facebook’s Nonconsensual Intimate Imagery Task Force. Her publications have appeared in such journals as Yale Law Journal, Boston University Law Review, Michigan Law Review, and Notre Dame Law Review, among others.



丹妮尔-西特伦
法律学者｜2019级
通过提高对网络骚扰对受害者造成的伤害的认识，并提出改革建议，以打击最极端的网络虐待形式，从而解决网络骚扰的祸害。


丹妮尔-西特伦的画像

标题
法律学者
工作单位
波士顿大学法学院
工作地点
波士顿，马萨诸塞州
年龄
获奖时为50岁
重点领域
隐私和知识产权, 公民权利和公民自由
网站
daniellecitron.com
波士顿大学。Danielle Citron
社交网络
脸谱网
推特
2019年9月25日出版
关于丹妮尔的工作
丹妮尔-西特伦是一位法律学者，通过提高对网络骚扰对受害者造成的伤害的认识，并提出改革建议，以打击最极端的网络虐待形式，来解决网络骚扰的祸害。虽然她在职业生涯中探索了一系列隐私和数字权利问题，但她的大部分工作都集中在网络环境中基于性别的歧视上，在这种环境中，妇女被暴力和性威胁的比例过高。

在她的书《网络空间中的仇恨犯罪》（2014年）以及为其提供资料的一系列法律评论文章中，Citron记录了各种类型的网络跟踪、网络暴徒攻击和 "报复性色情 "所造成的重大伤害--未经同意发布和传播亲密的照片或视频，通常是由重要的另一方寻求羞辱前伴侣的。由于攻击性内容经常出现在受害者姓名的互联网搜索结果的顶部，并包括电子邮件、家庭或工作地址，受害者的后果可能包括危及就业、教育和住房机会；无法保持在线存在；以及个人安全受到影响。Citron不仅分析了使遏制网络骚扰如此困难的社会和法律结构，而且还将这一问题重塑为对公民权利的侵犯。她把对其危害严重性的轻视态度比作1970年代对工作场所性骚扰的类似观点。西特伦通过她的学术出版物和更广泛的公共领域提出了各种改革的途径。她曾为各州检察长和立法者提供建议，努力根据现有的反跟踪和骚扰法规将未经同意的色情制品定为犯罪，并与技术公司合作，更新安全和隐私政策。考虑到对网络骚扰的过度反应会侵犯宪法对言论自由的保护，她的建议的特点是在第一修正案的范围内明确区分刑事处罚和侵犯隐私索赔。

最近，她扩大了她的工作范围，探讨性隐私的概念，将其作为一种独特的隐私利益，值得承认和保护，是人类尊严的基础。西特伦对话语权的尊重和对骚扰受害者公民权利的有说服力的阐述，正在刺激法律学者、立法者、科技公司和公众从新的角度看待许多人已经简单接受的我们数字时代不可避免的黑暗面。

个人简历
丹妮尔-西特伦在杜克大学获得学士学位（1990年），在福特汉姆大学法学院获得法学博士学位（1994年）。2019年，她加入了波士顿大学法学院的教师队伍，担任法学教授。她曾在马里兰大学凯里法学院任教（2004-2019），在那里她是莫顿和索菲亚-马赫特法学教授。她是斯坦福大学互联网与社会中心的附属学者，耶鲁大学信息社会项目的附属研究员，哈佛大学法学院伯克曼-克莱因中心的助理教师，以及未来隐私论坛的高级研究员。她也是网络民权倡议的副主席，并在Twitter的信任和安全委员会以及Facebook的未经同意的亲密图像任务组任职。她的出版物出现在耶鲁大学法律杂志、波士顿大学法律评论、密歇根法律评论和圣母大学法律评论等期刊上。