1987 约瑟夫-布罗茨基 美国

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Joseph Brodsky
Facts
Joseph Brodsky
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Joseph Brodsky
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987

Born: 24 May 1940, Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), USSR (now Russia) (now Russia)

Died: 28 January 1996, New York, NY, USA

Residence at the time of the award: USA

Prize motivation: "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity."

Language: English (prose) and Russian (poetry)

Prize share: 1/1

Life
Joseph Brodsky was born in Leningrad, the Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia), and worked as a poet, essayist and translator. He was arrested in 1964 and sentenced to five years at hard labor in the Arkhangelsk region of northern Russia. During his exile Brodsky was published in the United States, and many of the author’s colleagues in the West worked for his release. He was set free in 1965 but was expelled from Russia seven years later, after which he settled in the United States. He taught there at several universities and was named Poet Laureate of the United States in 1991.

Work
Joseph Brodsky began writing poetry at the age of 18. His poetry was inspired by Russian predecessors such as Alexander Pushkin and Boris Pasternak, but also by British poets such as John Donne and W.H. Auden. His forced exile affected Brodsky’s writing, both linguistic and thematically. In Chast’ rechi (1977) (A Part of Speech), he describes how he gradually loses hair, teeth, consonants and verbs. A recurring theme in the Brodsky’s poems is the relationship between the poet and society. For Brodsky, literature and language are important tools in the development of society, something that develops human thinking.



约瑟夫-布罗茨基
事实
约瑟夫-布罗茨基
照片来自诺贝尔基金会档案。
约瑟夫-布罗茨基
1987年获得诺贝尔文学奖

出生：1940年5月24日，苏联（现俄罗斯）列宁格勒（现圣彼得堡）（现俄罗斯）。

逝世：1996年1月28日，美国纽约州纽约市

获奖时的居住地。美国

颁奖动机。获奖理由："因为他的作品包罗万象，充满了清晰的思想和强烈的诗意"。

语言。英语（散文）和俄语（诗歌）。

奖金份额。1/1

生平
约瑟夫-布罗茨基出生于苏联列宁格勒（现为俄罗斯圣彼得堡），曾担任诗人、散文家和翻译。他于1964年被捕，在俄罗斯北部的阿尔汉格尔斯克地区被判处五年苦役。在流放期间，布罗茨基在美国出版，作者在西方的许多同事为他的释放而努力。他于1965年获得自由，但七年后被驱逐出俄罗斯，之后他在美国定居。他在那里的几所大学任教，1991年被任命为美国桂冠诗人。

作品
约瑟夫-布罗茨基18岁时开始写诗。他的诗歌受到俄罗斯前辈的启发，如亚历山大-普希金和鲍里斯-帕斯捷尔纳克，但也受到英国诗人约翰-多恩和W.H.奥登的启发。他的被迫流亡影响了布罗茨基的写作，包括语言上和主题上。在Chast' rechi (1977) (A Part of Speech)中，他描述了自己如何逐渐失去头发、牙齿、辅音和动词。布罗茨基诗歌中反复出现的一个主题是诗人和社会之间的关系。对布罗茨基来说，文学和语言是社会发展的重要工具，是发展人类思维的东西。