2022.08.23 美国敦促其公民离开乌克兰

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America urged its citizens to leave Ukraine, saying it believes Russia will step up strikes against civilian infrastructure and government facilities in the coming days. The statement from the American embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine’s capital, follows a Ukrainian government ban on public celebrations of the country’s independence day on Wednesday. That day will also mark six months since Russia’s invasion.

Donald Trump sued America’s Department of Justice in an effort to freeze an investigation into confidential documents he allegedly stashed at Mar-a-Lago, his Florida estate. The former president wants a third-party “special master” appointed to review the evidence. He also demanded the FBI return items removed during a search of his home, if they were beyond the scope of its warrant. The New York Times reported that more than 300 classified documents had been recovered, some bearing “top secret” markings. Mr Trump said the raid was politically motivated.

Malaysia’s Federal Court upheld the conviction of Najib Razak, the former prime minister, on charges related to a multi-billion dollar corruption scandal at 1Malaysia Development Berhad, a state fund. Mr Najib was found guilty in July 2020 of illegally receiving about $10m from a former unit of 1MDB, charges that he denies. He was sentenced to 12 years in jail and a 210m ringgit ($46.8m) fine.

Shares on both the Nasdaq composite and the S&P 500 indexes closed down by more than 2%, in advance of a gathering of Federal Reserve bigwigs in Jackson Hole, Wyoming later this week. Wall Street had rallied impressively during the third quarter. However, investors are apparently worried that the Fed will use the meeting to entrench America’s hawkish monetary policy. Tech stocks were particularly hard hit.

Growth in Japan’s manufacturing sector slowed to its lowest level since January 2021 as stuttering global demand, rising costs and the continuing effects of the covid-19 pandemic hit the country’s factories. Au Jibun Bank’s purchasing managers’ index, a key benchmark, fell from 52.1 in July to 51 in August, preliminary readings showed.

Australia’s government will allow the construction of a fertiliser plant near an important Aboriginal heritage site on Western Australia’s Burrup peninsula. Some of the rock carvings, which include what are thought to be the oldest images of a human face, can now be moved to allow for construction. The plant’s backers, Perdaman Industries, said the A$4.5bn (US$3.1bn) urea plant will create 2,000 local jobs.

Elon Musk subpoenaed the co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, Jack Dorsey, as part of his attempt to tear up a deal in which he agreed to buy the social-media network for $44bn. Mr Musk backed out of the agreement in July, accusing Twitter of misrepresenting the number of bots and spam accounts on its platform. The two sides have since sued each other; their trial is set to begin in October.

Fact of the day: 2,700, the estimated number of people killed because of terrorist violence in Mali so far this year, 40% more than in all of 2021. Read the full article.


Will the sun shine red in Florida?

PHOTO: EYEVINE
On Tuesday Floridians will head to the polls in the state’s last major primary of the year. Turnout and voters’ choices in the Sunshine State, which has drifted towards the Republican party in recent years, will be a gauge of the Democrats’ prospects in the mid-term elections.

Watch who Democrats choose as their gubernatorial candidate to challenge Ron DeSantis, the Republican incumbent. The most likely choices are Charlie Crist, a former governor, or Nikki Fried, the state’s commissioner of agriculture. But neither has the campaign chest nor the name recognition to beat the popular Mr DeSantis, who is among the top potential Republican presidential contenders for 2024.

Floridians will also pick the Democratic contender for the Senate. Val Demings, a former police chief in Orlando, is the only candidate who could mount a meaningful challenge to Marco Rubio, a Republican and the current senator, in November. Polls that show her leading against Mr Rubio have encouraged national Democratic donors to pile in.

The euro zone’s autumn of discontent

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES
If recent surveys are any indication, growth in the euro zone is about to start slowing. The services sector, which had bounced back from a slowdown caused by the pandemic, is flagging as the tourist season ends. A severe energy crunch has probably already sent industry into recession. Tuesday's release of purchasing managers’ index figures is adding to the gloomy mood.

Both manufacturing and services indicators continued to slide, though a bit less than feared. That will still be a headache for Europe’s politicians and monetary authorities alike. Governments are already under pressure to combat soaring energy bills with price caps and cash transfers. A weaker economy could dry up tax revenues. Businesses may start asking for tax cuts or cash compensation, too. The European Central Bank knows that interest-rate increases, while necessary to contain inflation, will inflict economic pain. The autumn of discontent may begin early this year.


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Russia tries to set Syria straight

PHOTO: AP
While its war rages in Ukraine, Russia is struggling to stabilise its conflict-battered satellite in the Middle East, the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad. Russia’s foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, is meeting his Syrian counterpart, Faisal Mekdad, in Moscow on Tuesday. Syria wants assurances that Russia will not divert more forces away from Mr Assad’s civil war to the front in Ukraine. The Wagner Group, a shadowy Russian-backed private security contractor in Syria, has already scaled back its operations. Syria’s cash-poor government also desperately needs grain.

But Russia has demands, too. Turkey’s membership of NATO and location on the Black Sea makes its co-operation critical for Russia’s war in Ukraine. So Russia wants Mr Assad to make peace with his foe, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey’s president. That would require Mr Assad to facilitate the return of Syrian refugees from Turkey and start reconciling with the Turkish-backed rebels in Syria’s north. But so far Russian efforts to push Mr Assad to accept a political settlement have come to nothing.

China’s JD.com trots forward

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES
The worst is over for China’s embattled tech companies. But so is the best. Their share prices have bounced back from lows in March, but remain far below their peaks in early 2021. The ferocity of the long regulatory crackdown on the sector (including fines for unfair competition and stricter policing of data) has diminished somewhat. But China’s equally relentless fight against covid-19 has also hurt business.

Alibaba and Tencent both reported a decline in their revenues last quarter, compared with a year earlier. JD.com, a third tech giant, did better, reporting revenue growth of 5.4% on Tuesday. Unlike many tech companies, it owns much of its distribution network (employing over 220,000 delivery staff). That may have helped shield it from the worst of last quarter's supply-chain disruptions. The number of jobs it creates may also earn it some political goodwill. But the company’s growth will still be bridled. As one of its executives recently put it, there will be no return to “riding the horse without holding the reins”.

The first whistle blows for Ukrainian football

PHOTO: REUTERS
When Russia invaded, football, like so much else in Ukraine, ground to a halt. Foreign professional players fled the country while many of their Ukrainian counterparts enlisted. Clubs used their infrastructure to provide humanitarian relief. But on Tuesday the ball starts rolling again. The Ukrainian Premier League, the country’s top football division, returns for a new season. Fans will not be allowed in the stadiums, which will be fitted with air-raid shelters to protect players and officials in case of Russian shelling.

The restart is a calculated risk to help small clubs struggling for revenue. But it is also a boost to the country’s morale. The opening match between FC Shakhtar, a club exiled from the Russian-occupied province of Donetsk since 2014, and Metalist 1925 from Kharkiv, a city bombarded by the Russians, ended in a 0-0 draw. But this year survival, not football, is the name of the game.

Daily quiz

Our baristas will serve you a new question each day this week. On Friday your challenge is to give us all five answers and, as important, tell us the connecting theme. Email your responses (and include mention of your home city and country) by 1700 BST on Friday to QuizEspresso@economist.com. We’ll pick randomly from those with the right answers and crown one winner per continent on Saturday.

Tuesday: What was the traditional nickname for IBM, based on its logo?

Monday: What is the traditional title for an adult male Mormon who has taken the lowest office in the Melchizedek priesthood?

Victory attained by violence is tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary.

Mahatma Gandhi



美国敦促其公民离开乌克兰，说它相信俄罗斯将在未来几天加强对民用基础设施和政府设施的打击。美国驻乌克兰首都基辅大使馆的声明是在乌克兰政府禁止在星期三公开庆祝该国的独立日之后发表的。这一天也将是俄罗斯入侵的六个月。

唐纳德-特朗普起诉美国司法部，试图冻结对他据称藏匿在佛罗里达州马阿拉戈庄园的机密文件的调查。这位前总统希望任命一个第三方 "特别大师 "来审查这些证据。他还要求联邦调查局归还在搜查他家时取出的物品，如果这些物品超出了搜查令的范围。纽约时报》报道说，已经找到了300多份机密文件，其中一些带有 "最高机密 "的标记。特朗普先生说，这次搜查是有政治动机的。

马来西亚联邦法院维持了对前总理纳吉布-拉扎克的定罪，他被指控与国家基金1Malaysia Development Berhad的数十亿美元的腐败丑闻有关。纳吉布先生于2020年7月被认定有罪，他从1MDB的一个前单位非法收取了约1000万美元，他否认了这些指控。他被判处12年监禁和2.1亿林吉特（4680万美元）的罚款。

纳斯达克综合指数和标准普尔500指数的股票收盘均下跌超过2%，本周晚些时候美联储大佬们将在怀俄明州杰克逊霍尔举行聚会。华尔街在第三季度曾出现令人印象深刻的反弹。然而，投资者显然担心美联储将利用这次会议来巩固美国的鹰派货币政策。科技股受到的打击尤其大。

日本制造业的增长放缓至2021年1月以来的最低水平，因为全球需求停滞不前，成本上升和covid-19大流行病的持续影响打击了该国的工厂。Au Jibun银行的采购经理人指数，一个关键的基准，从7月的52.1下降到8月的51，初步读数显示。

澳大利亚政府将允许在西澳大利亚州Burrup半岛的一个重要原住民遗产地附近建造一个化肥厂。一些岩石雕刻，包括被认为是最古老的人脸图像，现在可以被移动，以便进行施工。该工厂的支持者Perdaman Industries表示，这个价值45亿澳元（31亿美元）的尿素工厂将为当地创造2000个就业机会。

埃隆-马斯克传唤了Twitter的联合创始人和前CEO杰克-多尔西，作为他试图撕毁交易的一部分，他同意以440亿美元的价格收购这个社交媒体网络。马斯克先生在7月退出了该协议，指责推特虚报其平台上的机器人和垃圾邮件账户数量。此后，双方互相起诉；他们的审判将于10月开始。

今日要闻：今年到目前为止，马里因恐怖主义暴力而死亡的人数估计为2700人，比2021年全年的人数多40%。阅读全文。


佛罗里达州的太阳会发红光吗？

照片。视觉中国
周二，佛罗里达人将前往投票站参加该州今年最后一次重要的初选。阳光之州的投票率和选民的选择将是衡量民主党在中期选举中的前景的一个标准，该州近年来一直倾向于共和党。

关注民主党人选择谁作为他们的州长候选人，以挑战共和党现任州长罗恩-德桑蒂斯。最有可能的选择是前州长查理-克里斯特或该州农业专员尼基-弗里德。但两人都没有足够的竞选资金和知名度来击败受欢迎的德桑蒂斯先生，而德桑蒂斯是共和党2024年总统选举的最佳潜在竞争者之一。

弗罗里达人还将挑选参议院的民主党竞争者。奥兰多的前警察局长Val Demings是唯一能在11月对共和党人、现任参议员Marco Rubio发起有意义挑战的候选人。民意调查显示，她在与卢比奥先生的竞争中处于领先地位，这鼓励了全国性的民主党捐赠者蜂拥而至。

欧元区的不满情绪之秋

照片。GETTY IMAGES
如果最近的调查有任何迹象，欧元区的增长即将开始放缓。随着旅游旺季的结束，已经从大流行病导致的经济放缓中反弹的服务业正在下滑。严重的能源紧缩可能已经使工业陷入衰退。周二发布的采购经理人指数数据使人们的心情更加忧郁。

制造业和服务业指标都继续下滑，尽管比担心的要少一点。这仍将是欧洲的政治家和货币当局都感到头痛的问题。各国政府已经面临压力，要通过价格上限和现金转移来应对飙升的能源账单。经济疲软可能使税收减少。企业也可能开始要求减税或现金补偿。欧洲央行知道，加息虽然是遏制通货膨胀所必需的，但会给经济带来痛苦。不满的秋天可能在今年年初开始。


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俄罗斯试图为叙利亚正名

照片。美联社
在乌克兰战火纷飞的同时，俄罗斯正在努力稳定其在中东地区饱受冲突摧残的卫星--巴沙尔-阿萨德的叙利亚政权。俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖-拉夫罗夫周二将在莫斯科会见叙利亚外交部长费萨尔-迈克达德。叙利亚希望得到保证，俄罗斯不会将更多部队从阿萨德先生的内战中转移到乌克兰前线。瓦格纳集团(Wagner Group)是俄罗斯支持的在叙利亚的私营安全承包商，已经缩减了其业务。叙利亚现金匮乏的政府也迫切需要粮食。

但俄罗斯也有要求。土耳其是北约成员，而且位于黑海，因此它的合作对于俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争至关重要。因此，俄罗斯希望阿萨德先生与他的敌人--土耳其总统埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）--达成和平。这将要求阿萨德先生为叙利亚难民从土耳其返回提供便利，并开始与土耳其支持的叙利亚北部叛军和解。但到目前为止，俄罗斯推动阿萨德先生接受政治解决的努力毫无结果。

中国的JD.com小跑着前进

照片。GETTY IMAGES
对于中国陷入困境的科技公司来说，最坏的情况已经过去。但最好的情况也是如此。它们的股价已经从3月的低点反弹，但仍远远低于2021年初的峰值。监管部门对该行业的长期打压（包括对不公平竞争的罚款和对数据的更严格监管）的力度已经有所减弱。但中国对covid-19同样不遗余力的打击，也伤害了企业。

阿里巴巴和腾讯上季度的收入都比一年前有所下降。第三家科技巨头JD.com表现较好，周二报告收入增长了5.4%。与许多科技公司不同的是，它拥有大部分的分销网络（雇用了超过22万名送货员）。这可能有助于使其免受上一季度供应链中断的影响。它所创造的就业岗位数量也可能为它赢得一些政治上的好感。但该公司的增长仍将受到限制。正如该公司一位高管最近所说，不会再有 "骑马不牵缰绳 "的情况出现。

乌克兰足球的第一声哨声响起

照片。REUTERS
当俄罗斯入侵时，足球，就像乌克兰的许多其他事物一样，停滞不前。外国职业球员逃离了这个国家，而他们的许多乌克兰同行则入伍了。俱乐部利用他们的基础设施来提供人道主义救援。但在周二，球又开始滚动了。乌克兰超级联赛，该国的顶级足球联赛，将在新赛季回归。球迷将不被允许进入体育场，体育场将安装防空洞，以在俄罗斯的炮击中保护球员和官员。

重新启动是一个经过深思熟虑的风险，以帮助在收入上挣扎的小俱乐部。但这也是对该国士气的一种鼓舞。自2014年以来流亡于俄罗斯占领的顿涅茨克省的FC Shakhtar俱乐部与来自哈尔科夫的Metalist 1925俱乐部之间的揭幕战以0-0平局告终，后者是一个被俄罗斯人轰炸的城市。但今年生存，而不是足球，才是游戏的名字。

每日问答

本周，我们的咖啡师将每天为您提供一个新问题。在周五，你的挑战是给我们所有的五个答案，并且，同样重要的是，告诉我们连接的主题。在北京时间周五17点前，将你的回答（包括提及你的家乡和国家）发到 QuizEspresso@economist.com。我们将从那些有正确答案的人中随机挑选，并在周六为每个大洲选出一名获胜者。

星期二。根据IBM的标志，它的传统绰号是什么？

周一。在麦基洗德圣职中担任最低职位的成年男性摩门教徒的传统称号是什么？

通过暴力取得的胜利等同于失败，因为它是瞬间的。

圣雄甘地