马修-德斯蒙德 城市社会学家

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Matthew Desmond
Urban Sociologist | Class of 2015
Revealing the impact of eviction on poor families and the role of housing policy in sustaining poverty and racial inequality in large American cities.


Portrait of Matthew Desmond
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Title
Urban Sociologist
Affiliation
Harvard University
Location
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Age
35 at time of award
Area of Focus
Sociology
Website
Princeton University: Matthew Desmond
Just Shelter
Social
Twitter
Published September 29, 2015
ABOUT MATTHEW'S WORK
Matthew Desmond is a social scientist and ethnographer revealing the impact of eviction on the lives of the urban poor and its role in perpetuating racial and economic inequality. In his investigations of the low-income rental market and eviction in privately owned housing in Milwaukee, Desmond argues persuasively that eviction is a cause, rather than merely a symptom, of poverty.

He created the Milwaukee Area Renters Study, examined court records, and conducted extensive ethnographic fieldwork to construct a vivid picture of the remarkably high rates of eviction and the ways in which it disrupts the lives of low-income African Americans, in particular. His findings indicate that households headed by women are more likely to face eviction than men, resulting in deleterious long-term effects much like those caused by high rates of incarceration among low-income African American men. He also captures how landlords, local government, and city police interact with tenants, as well as the constrained choices and lack of agency suffered by low-income renters. For example, Desmond exposed the fact that women reporting domestic violence in Milwaukee were often evicted—the result of a local ordinance that classified such reports as “nuisance calls.” The ordinance has since been reconsidered, and Milwaukee has changed its policy of fining landlords whose tenants repeatedly called the police. The American Civil Liberties Union has challenged similar policies elsewhere.

Desmond is also taking a fresh look at the survival strategies of struggling families, overturning the longstanding assumption among policymakers that the destitute turn to extended kin for assistance. Today, poor families often form intense, but brief relationships with strangers, creating a network of “disposable ties” to meet pressing needs. As Desmond brings his findings beyond academic circles in editorials and his forthcoming book, Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City (2016), he is shedding light on how entrenched poverty and racial inequality are built and sustained by housing policies in large American cities.

BIOGRAPHY
Matthew Desmond received two B.S. (2002) degrees from Arizona State University and an M.S. (2004) and Ph.D. (2010) from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. He was a Junior Fellow at the Society of Fellows at Harvard University (2010­–2013), before joining the faculty of Harvard’s Department of Sociology and Committee on Degrees in Social Studies in 2012. In addition to publishing articles in such journals as American Journal of Sociology and American Sociological Review, he is the author of the award-winning book, On the Fireline (2007), coauthor of Race in America (2015) and The Racial Order (2015), and editor of the forthcoming inaugural issue of RSF: Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, on the theme of severe deprivation.



马修-德斯蒙德
城市社会学家｜2015级
揭示驱逐对贫困家庭的影响以及住房政策在维持美国大城市的贫困和种族不平等中的作用。


马修-德斯蒙德的肖像
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标题
城市社会学家
工作单位
哈佛大学
工作地点
马萨诸塞州剑桥市
年龄
获奖时35岁
重点领域
社会学
网站
普林斯顿大学。马修-德斯蒙德
公正的庇护所
社会
推特
发表于2015年9月29日
关于马修的工作
马修-德斯蒙德是一位社会科学家和人种学家，他揭示了驱逐对城市贫民生活的影响以及它在延续种族和经济不平等中的作用。在他对密尔沃基的低收入租赁市场和私有住房的驱逐的调查中，德斯蒙德令人信服地认为，驱逐是贫困的原因，而不仅仅是症状。

他创建了密尔沃基地区租房者研究，检查了法院记录，并进行了广泛的人种学实地调查，以构建一个生动的画面，说明驱逐率非常高，以及它破坏了低收入非裔美国人的生活，特别是。他的研究结果表明，以女性为户主的家庭比男性更有可能面临驱逐，从而造成有害的长期影响，这与低收入非裔美国人中的高监禁率所造成的影响非常相似。他还捕捉到了房东、地方政府和城市警察如何与租户互动，以及低收入租户所遭受的限制性选择和缺乏代理权。例如，德斯蒙德揭露了这样一个事实：在密尔沃基，报告家庭暴力的妇女经常被驱逐--这是一项将此类报告归类为 "骚扰电话 "的地方条例的结果。此后，该条例被重新考虑，密尔沃基也改变了对租户反复报警的房东进行罚款的政策。美国公民自由联盟已经对其他地方的类似政策提出了质疑。

德斯蒙德还重新审视了挣扎中的家庭的生存策略，推翻了政策制定者长期以来的假设，即赤贫者向大家庭的亲属寻求援助。今天，贫困家庭往往与陌生人形成紧密但短暂的关系，建立一个 "一次性纽带 "网络，以满足迫切的需求。德斯蒙德通过社论和他即将出版的《被驱逐》一书，将他的发现带到了学术界之外。美国城市的贫困与利润》（2016年），他正在揭示美国大城市的住房政策是如何建立和维持根深蒂固的贫困和种族不平等的。

个人简历
马修-德斯蒙德在亚利桑那州立大学获得两个学士学位（2002年），在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校获得硕士学位（2004年）和博士学位（2010年）。他曾是哈佛大学研究员协会的初级研究员（2010-2013年），然后于2012年加入哈佛大学社会学系和社会研究学位委员会的教师队伍。除了在《美国社会学杂志》和《美国社会学评论》等杂志上发表文章外，他还是获奖书籍《在火线》（2007年）的作者，《美国的种族》（2015年）和《种族秩序》（2015年）的共同作者，以及即将出版的《RSF：罗素-塞奇基金会社会科学杂志》首期的编辑，主题是严重匮乏。