19 饥荒的消息

shiyi18

饥荒的消息
来自山东的F.F.Tucker医生，在德州市的美国委员会（公理会）医院。
写道："我们正处于饥荒的边缘。事情
在下一次小麦收获之前，情况会越来越糟。最近的
最近的模拟内战对情况没有任何帮助，而且在附近的一些地区，今年已经是第四个年头了。
而在附近的一些地区，今年已经是第四个年头了，农作物歉收的事实增加了潜在的痛苦。对于
两年来，洪灾! 去年，蚱蜢吃掉了一切--! 现在是长期的干旱!
在我们的许多偏远地区，只有十分之三的粮食作物可以保存下来。有一个人有三十英亩的土地
的土地，他把这些土地一块一块地以小数字卖掉，以便
为了让他家的八张嘴都能吃饱。农场里的
农场的动物几乎都被送走了，最后一根稻草是当掉家里的被褥，只得到了600元现金（25美分）。他悄悄地买了砒霜，放在家里的粥里
他偷偷地买了砒霜，把它放在家里的粥里，八个人被埋在一个
墓。
在同一个省（山东）。A.D.牧师。
A. D. Heininger, of Tehsien, describes* a tour of 180 miles
在他的委员会的领域（A.B.C.F.M.），位于饥荒地区的东部
该地区位于饥荒地区的东部和中部。整个地区
从黄河向北延伸至
整个地区从黄河向北延伸到山东西北部和池州南部，实际上一直到天津，并包括山西省的一部分。
山西省的一部分。
我的调查得出了这样的结论（得到了其他人的证实
我的调查得出的结论是（被其他人的观察所证实），由于有这样的农作物
收获，加上树叶、紫花苜蓿和他们能得到的食物
的食物，大多数人都能（有些人很难）照顾好自己。
照顾自己两三个月（有些人很困难）。
两个或三个月。从一月开始，持续五个月（直到小麦收获），将出现大规模的实际饥饿。
实际的大规模饥荒。生命是否得到挽救
取决于是否有来自外部的帮助。此外，眼前的生命损失只是损失的一部分。
因为极端的营养不足意味着对疾病的易感性增加和生命力下降，而这些意味着不正常儿童的出生。一整代人甚至更多的人都无法完全消除这样一场饥荒的结果。
饥荒的结果。
谷物可以从更有利的地区运来。
可以组织分配中心；可以为许多有能力为食物工作的人安排工作。
但所有这些都需要钱。每个人每月两美元
就可以维持生活。拿起你的铅笔算一算：7,000.000人，5个月，每月2美元。
中国记录》刊登了一篇文章，记录了罗宾逊牧师（A.B.C.F.M.）在池州保亭府所做的调查，并在编辑上说，这篇声明虽然只是针对一个受苦的省份写的
他在编辑中说，虽然只写了其中一个受苦的省份，但对其他省份也同样正确。
这个县在山西的山脚下。我们一到土地不能用井水浇灌的地方，就发现没有任何作物。
我们就发现根本没有庄稼。一年多来没有下雨或下雪，除了春天的一次。在所有能看到的地方，都没有
目光所及之处，都没有任何东西在生长。没有人在田里工作，几乎没有人在路上行走。
在12月的 "传教士先驱报 "上。波士顿。
JANUARY. 1921 13
中国中部和北部的穷人之家 另一个村庄的一百个家庭没有粮食。
他们正在采集一种长在路边的藤蔓，这种藤蔓上长着尖锐的刺。
有一个带着尖锐刺的毛刺作为豆荚。这些毛刺
卖三十个铜板一斤，和糠一起磨。
也就是去年谷物中长出的杂草的种子，或与棉籽一起，磨成饼状
用中国式的方法蒸熟。当然，燃料是必要的，即使是如此简单的食物，有些人正在拆毁他们的房子，以获得可用的木材。虽然没有粮食可以收获，但可能有
如果蝗虫不来，还可以给动物提供一点饲料
它是孤独的。我看到有一个村子就像用细齿耙耙过一样荒芜。
几周前，我听说那里的小米几乎有一英尺高。蝗虫来了，一直待到
它被吃光了。霍乱潜伏在许多村庄中，我听说
在林青煤矿，有200名矿工在一天内死于霍乱。尽管如此，这还是不够的。一群强盗一直在该地区进行恐怖活动。
一群强盗一直在恐吓这个地区，绑架人们并索要赎金。在霍南，加拿大长老会代表团。
位于该省北部的加拿大长老会，发现自己处于最贫穷的地区之一，正如以下内容所示
以下是J. H. Bruce牧师提供的信息：**武安县受到饥荒的严重打击。去年
去年只有一半的收成，而今年几乎没有。6月份播种的东西在烈日下很快就枯萎了
在炎热的太阳下一上来就枯萎了。九月下了一场好雨
但太晚了，无法播种荞麦。豆类、玉米。
高粱、芝麻和根茎类作物也完全缺乏，除了一小块有水的土地。由于没有
牲畜没有饲料，数以千计的牛、骡子和驴被宰杀。
数千头牛、骡子和驴子被宰杀和出售作为食物。
在过去的两个月里，许多人不得不
吃田里的树叶和可食用的野草。在正常年份，武安消费的大部分粮食都是从山西进口的。但由于这个季节那里的产量几乎不能满足当地的需要，所以禁止出口粮食。可供购买的粮食离饥饿的群众越远
由于价格不正常，与饥饿的群众相距甚远。难怪更多的不守规矩的人开始掠夺粮仓了。
关于饥荒的救济，据檀香山报告，有以下措施
来自霍南的报告：**
100英里的迫切需要的道路建设已被列出，灌溉工程的问题也在考虑之中。
灌溉工程的问题也正在考虑之中。中国人自己
对于他们修建的最好的道路，他们说："十年好，一万年坏"。可能的情况是
筑路将被证明是最可行的救灾形式。
饥荒救济工作的最可行形式。此外，还在考虑安排一些不涉及饥荒期后工作的计划。
此外，还在考虑安排一些不涉及饥荒期后工作的计划，如为年轻人开设特殊班级，为他们提供
为年轻人开设特别班，为男孩提供自助的方法。
对哺乳期的母亲给予特别考虑，让她们接受和照顾被遗弃的孩子。
特别考虑到哺乳期的母亲，她们可以接收和照顾在饥荒压力下被遗弃的儿童。
在饥荒压力下被遗弃的儿童。
***摘自《檀香山信使》，魏巍，檀香山。
***来自多伦多的 "长老会见证"。
在 "中国为什么会有饥荒 "的标题下，威廉-H.牧师说。
加拿大长老会的William H. Mitchell牧师在 "中国为什么会有饥荒 "的标题下说。
加拿大长老会的米切尔牧师在 "中国为什么会发生饥荒 "的标题下说："***。
一个加拿大农民通常至少有一百英亩土地。
亩的土地；一个中国人有六、七亩的土地就很不错了。
一个中国人有六、七亩地就很富裕了，他不仅能养活他的直系亲属，还能养活他的一些远亲。
他不仅养活了他的直系亲属，而且还养活了他的一些远房亲戚。他努力工作以换取他所得到的一切。虽然他只有
虽然他只有最简陋的工具，但他必须通过自己的轮作和精耕细作系统来尝试。
轮作和精耕细作，以获得足够的
以维持生计。在正常情况下，他非常缺乏燃料，甚至在他的粮食被运走后，他还会把麦子的根部撕掉。
的麦根。
最大的麻烦是灌溉。在这个国家的许多地方
的许多地方，富人都挖了井，他们用井水浇灌麦田。
但穷人却没有钱来做这件事，只能依靠水。
但穷人没有钱这样做，只能依靠降雨。中国是一个几乎没有树木的国家，因此雨量
是非常不确定的。
加拿大人往往有一点积蓄以备不时之需。
但中国人在平时很难买到足够的粮食，以至于他没有丝毫机会为饥荒年做准备。
机会为饥荒年做准备。他甚至可能没有足够的种子来种植下一季的庄稼--同时他
同时，他必须养活自己和家人，直到该作物（如果它成熟）。
收获。当他们没有食物时，他们就会吃草和树叶。
草和树叶，最后病倒了，可怕的饥荒
饥荒热爆发了。有些人失去了所有的生存欲望，并且自杀。
自杀。其他人则为生活而战，开始逃往某个有食物的地方。饥饿跟着他们。
因为他们吸收了任何地方的所有剩余食物，因此
将饥荒带到国家的一个新地区。
许多人没有走多远，就因虚弱而倒下。
虚弱，被饿死。还有一些人被难民中的暴力分子杀害，他们试图从不幸的伙伴那里得到他们所能得到的一点东西。家长们
他们被自己的饥饿和孩子的哭声逼到了绝境。
他们的孩子没有食物，他们被逼得走投无路。他们有一个希望
他们有一个希望：有一些富人的财富可以拯救他们
免于饥饿的危险，而他们需要的是
奴隶。中国人爱他们的孩子，但他们会卖掉他们的孩子，以挽救他们的生命。其他人则不能给他们的孩子这个机会。这
所以孩子们被绑在树上挨饿，而他们的父母则试图逃跑。
如果他们在逃亡中死亡，他们就躺在路边，直到有人看到有机会把他们的衣服变成钱
以购买可能留在乡下的一些小食品。
乡下。然后狗就来了。"狗吃死人。
饥饿的人吃狗"，这是一位传教士对以前饥荒的评论。
一位传教士对以前的饥荒的评论。饥饿是如此令人疯狂，以至于许多人不愿意等待狗来吞噬他们的同胞。中国人说，在受1878年饥荒影响的地区，"每10人中有5人"
知道人肉的味道。在中国的日历中
只有受过教育的人才知道1878年的真实日期；它总是被称为
它总是被说成是 "人吃人的那一年"。这一年
将被打上同样的烙印，除非迅速派出救援人员
迅速



News of the Famine
FROM Shantung province, Dr. F. F. Tucker, of
the American Board (Congregational) Hospital in Tehchow. writes :* We are just on the edge of famine conditions. Matters
will grow worse until the next wheat harvest. The recent
mimic civil war has not helped conditions, and the fact that in some nearby regions this is the fourth year of the
failure of crops augments the potential suffering. For
two years, flood! Last year the grasshoppers ate everything-! Now the prolonged drought!
In many of our outstations, only three-tenths of a food crop will be saved. One man had thirty acres of
land, which piece by piece he sold at small figures, in order
that the eight mouths of his family might be fed. The farm
animals were almost given away, and the last straw camewhen pawning the family bedding brought a mere 600 cash (twenty-five cents). Secretly he bought arsenic, put
it in the family porridge, and the eight are buried in one
grave.
In the same province (Shantung). Rev. A. D.
Heininger, of Tehsien, describes* a tour of 180 miles
in his Board's field (A.B.C.F.M.) which is in the east
central part of the famine area. The whole area
stretches from the Yellow River northward to
northwestern Shantung and southern Chihli, practically all the way to Tientsin, and includes a part of
Shansi province.
My survey leads to the conclusion (confirmed by the
observations of others) that with such crops as there are
to be harvested, together with leaves, alfalfa, and such
food as they can get, most of the people will be able (some
only with great difficulty) to take care of themselves for
two or three months. Beginning with January and last- ing for five months (until wheat harvest), there will be
actual starvation on a large scale. Whether life is saved
depends on whether help comes from the outside. Moreover, the immediate loss of life is but one part of the loss;
for extreme under-nourishing means increased susceptibility to disease and lowered vitality, and these meanthe birth of sub-normal children. A full generation andmore cannot entirely wipe out the results of one such
famine.
Grain can be brought in from more favored regions;
distribution centres can be organized; work can be ar- ranged for many who are able to work for their food.
But all this requires money. Two dollars per person per
month will sustain life. Take your pencil and figure it out_7,000.000 people, five months, two dollars a month.
The "Chinese Recorder" prints an article recording investigations made by Rev. H. W. Robinson,(of the A.B.C.F.M.) Paotingfu, Chihli; and sayseditorially that the statement, though written of
only one of the suffering provinces is equally true ofthe others.
This county is in the foothills of Shansi. As soon as we got up where the land cannot be watered from wells,
we found no crops at all. There has been no rain or snowfor over a year, except once in the spring. Nowhere, as
far as the eye could see in all directions, was there anything growing. No one was working in the fields, andalmost no one traveling on the roads.
In the December "Missionary Herald." Boston.
JANUARY. 1921 13
HOMES OF THE POOR IN CENTRAL AND NORTH CHINA A hundred families in another village have no grain.
They are gathering a vine that grows beside the road and
has a burr with sharp thorns for a seed pod. These burrs
sell for thirty coppers a catty, and are ground with chaff
which means the seeds from the weeds that grew in last year's grain, or with cottonseed, and made into a cake
which is steamed, Chinese fashion. Fuel, of course, is necessary, even for such simple food, and some people are tearing down their houses to get what wood is available. Although there was no grain to harvest, there might
have been a little fodder for animals had the locusts left
it alone. I saw one village as barren as though raked with
a fine-tooth rake, where I was told a few weeks ago millet stood nearly a foot high. The locusts came and stayed till
it was all eaten. Cholera is lurking in many villages, and I am told that
in the Lin Ching coal mine 200 miners died of cholera in one day. Still, this is not enough. A band of robbers have
been terrorizing the region, kidnapping people and demanding ransoms. In Honan, the Canadian Presbyterian Mission,
lo'cated in the north of that province, finds itself in one of the most destitute districts, as shown by the
following from Rev. J. H. Bruce :** Wuan county is hard hit by the famine. Last year
there was only half a crop, and this year there was practically none. Whatever was sown in June withered under
the burning sun as soon as it came up. Good rains came
in September, but too late to sow buckwheat. Beans, corn,
sorghum, sesame and root crops are also wholly lacking, save on small patches of watered land. There being no
fodder for live stock, thousands of cattle, mules and
donkeys have been slaughtered and sold for food.
For two months past many people have been obliged
to eat leaves of trees and edible weeds from the fields. In normal years much of the grain consumed in Wuan is imported from Shansi. But as the yield there this season was scarcely sufficient for local needs, export of grain was forbidden. Grain available for purchase is the farther
removed from the hungry masses by reason of the abnormal price. No wonder the more unruly elements take to plundering the granaries.
In connection with the famine relief the following
measures are reported from Honan :**
One hundred miles of urgently needed road construction has been outlined, and the question of irrigation
works is also being considered. The Chinese themselves
say of the best roads they build, that they are "good for ten years and bad for ten thousand." It is likely that
road-building will prove the most practicable form of
famine relief work. In addition, arrangements are in contemplation for schemes not involving work beyond the
famine period, such as the opening of special classes for
the young, the provision of methods of self-help for boys,
and paying special consideration to nursing mothers who
may take in and care for children abandoned under the
stress of famine.
**From the "Honan Messenger," Weihwei, Honan.
***From the "Presbyterian Witness," Toronto.
Under the title of "Why There is Famine in
China," Rev. William H. Mitchell of the Canadian
Presbyterian Mission, says :***
A Canadian farmer usually has at least one hundred
acres of land; a Chinaman with six or seven is well off,
and from this little patch supports not only his immediate
family, but some of his more distant relatives as well. He works hard for all he gets. Though he has only the
crudest of implements he has to try, by his own system of
rotation of crops and intensive cultivation, to get enough
for a livelihood. In normal times he is so short of fuel that he even tears up the wheat roots after his grain has
been removed.
The great trouble is irrigation. In many parts of the
country wealthy men have dug wells, and they water their
wheat fields from them, but the poor man has not the
money to do this and depends on the rainfall. China is a country practically bare of trees, and rain on this account
is very uncertain.
The Canadian often has a little laid by against hard
times, but the Chinaman has so much difficulty in procuring enough in ordinary times that he has not the slightest
chance to prepare for famine years. He may not even have enough seed to plant his next crop- Meanwhile he
has to feed himself and his family till that crop, if it ripens,
is harvested. When they have no food, they take to eating
grass and leaves, finally fall sick and the dreaded famine
fever breaks out. Some lose all desire to live and commit
suicide. Others make a fight for life and start to flee to some place where there is food. Hunger follows them,
for they absorb all the surplus food in any locality, thus
bringing the famine to a new section of the country.
Many never get very far from their homes, falling from
weakness, starved to death. Others are murdered by the more violent among the refugees, who try to get what little they can from their associates in misfortune. Parents are
driven to desperation by their own hunger and the cries of
their children, for whom they have no food. One hope
they have : there are rich men whose wealth saves them
from all danger of starvation, and they are wanting
slaves. The Chinese love their children, but they will sell their little ones in such an attempt to save their lives. Others are not able to give their children this chance. It
is death for one or the other; so the children are tied to trees to starve while their parents make an attempt to get away.
If they die in their flight, they lie by the roadside till somebody sees the chance to turn their clothes into money
to buy some little bit of food that may be left in the
country. Then the dogs come. "The dogs eat the dead,
and the starving eat the dogs," is the comment of one
missionary on a previous famine. Hunger is so maddening that many will not wait for the dogs to devour their fellow-creatures. The Chinese say that in the districts affected by the famine of 1878, "five out of every ten"
knew the taste of human flesh. In the Chinese calendar
only the educated know the real date of 1878; it is always
spoken of as "the year when men ate men." This year
will be branded in the same way unless help is sent
quickly